Garlic-separator.



PATENTED JULY 3. 1906.

W. L. SPOON.

GARLIC SEPARATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 25, 1904.

PATENT-ED JULY 3 W. L. SPOON.

GARLIC SEPARATORJ APPLICATION TILED JAN. 25, 190A.

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No. 824,957. PATENTED JULY 3, 1906.

W. L. SPOON.

GARLIC SBPARATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 25, 1904.

5 SHEETSSHEET 3.

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No. 824,957. PATBNTED JULY 3,1906. W. L. SPOON. GARLIC SEPARATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 25, 1904.

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PATENTED JULY 3,,1906.

W. L. SPOON.

I GARLIC SEPARATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 25, 1904.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM L. SPOON, OF (JOBLE TOWNSHIP, ALAMANGE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA.

GARLlC-SEPARATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 3, 1906.

Application fil d January 25, 1904. Serial No. 190,535.

To all whmn it may concern:

Be it known that I, I/VILLIAM L. SPOON, a citizen of the United States, residing in Coble township, in the county of Alamance and State of North Carolina, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Garlic-Sep arators, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to machines for separating the bulbs of garlic from grain. Such machines are used chiefly for the separation of such bulbs from wheat.

My invention is an improvement upon that type of machines in which the garlic-bulbs and grain are passed between impinging rolls, one of which is provided with small teeth designed to penetrate the soft garlic-bulbs and not penetrate the harder kernels of grain. In machines of said type heretofore proposed both of the operating-surfaces have been convex surfaces impinging upon each other and receiving the grain and garlic between them once during the passage of the grain and garlic through the machine. In my improved machine the grain and garlic pass between two relatively yielding impinging working faces, one of which is convex and the other concave, and the operation is such as to compel the grain and the garlic mingled there with to pass repeatedly between said concave and'said convex surfaces. Such operationinsures the final removal of the garlic-bulbs by the time the grain leaves the machine, even though the bulbs are not all engaged by teeth when the grain and the garlic first pass between saidworking faces. The teeth which pierce the garlic are preferably arranged on the concave surface, to the end that they may converge and thus acquire a peculiarity of operation to be hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective sectional view of one form of a machine embodying my improvement. Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is a sectional detail at the iunction of one of the presser-roll arms and its hub. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of an elastic roll which bears upon the grain and garlic. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the garlic trough and mechanism associated therewith. Fig. 4 is a plan of a garlic-scraper detached from its shaft. Fig. 5 is alongitudinal central vertical sectional view of the same machine, the pressing-roll being omitted, because said roll stands forward of the central vertical plane, as will be seen by reference to Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken immediately at the left of the plate 6 in Fig. 5. Fig. 6 is a vertical transverse section of a modified form of the apparatus. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of the structure shown by Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8 8 of Fig. 7. Figs. 9 and 10 are detail views of a ratchet-gear applied to the conveyer-shaft. Fig. 11 1s a detail View of driving mechanism. Fig. 12is a longitudinal central section of a modified form of the concave member of the machine. Fig. 13 is a fragmentary detail of a modified form of the concave member. Fig. 14 is a detail view showing two combs located above the garlic-trough. Fig. 15 is an end elevation illustrating a modification. Fig. 16 is a fragmentary upright longitudinal central section of the cylinder used in the form illustrated by Fig. 15. Fig. 17 shows aportion of the surface of the presserroll, such surface being slitted transversely to the length of the roll. Fig. 18 is a similar view, the surface being slitted both transversely and lengthwise. Fig. 19 is.a similar view, the surface being slitted on crossing spiral lines. Fig. 20 is a fragmentary crosssection of the lining of the cylinder.

As above indicated, my improved machine embodies a convex surface and a concave surface, said surfaces impinging yieldingly upon each other by .a rolling action. For convenience in description the portion of the machine bearing the convex surface will be hereinafter termed the convex member and the portion of the machine bearing the concave surface will be termed the concave member.

The convex member may be a roller of cylindrical form or of any form resembling a cylinder or it may be only a segment of a cylinder or other body resembling a cylinder. The concave member may be a tubular cylinder or other body resembling a tubular cylinder or it may be a segment of a tubular cylinder or other body resembling a tubular cylinder. Cooperating with said convex member and said concave member is suitable mechanism for removing the impaled garlicbulbs from the above-mentioned teeth.

My invention will be first described as embodied in a machine in which the convex member is a cylindrical yielding roller and the concave memberis a tubular rotary cylinder.

Referring first to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, A is a support or standard at the upper or receiving end of the machine, (the right-hand end in-Fig. 5,) and B is a similar support or standard at the lower or discharge end of the machine. The support A is enough higher than the support B to give the machine a proper inclination from right to left or from the receiving end to the discharge end to cause the grain to progress through the machine while the tubular cylinder constituting the concave member is being rotated. A shaft 1 extends from the upper end of one of said standards to the other and is immovably secured to said standards in any suitable manner. At the lower or discharge end of the machine a spider 2 loosely surrounds said shaft 1, and at the upper end of the machine a similar spider 3 loosely surrounds said shaft. A tubular cylinder 1, constituting the concave member, concentrically surrounds the shaft 1 and is secured by its lower end to the spider 2 and by its upper end to the spider 8. Such construction adapts the cylinder to rotation upon said shaft 1 but it is to be remembered that in the form of the machine now being described said shaft is held nonrotatably by the standards A and B. Said cylinder is preferably made of steel of suficient thickness to insure such rigidity as will preserve its form under the strains to which it is subjected during rotation and by the action of the presser-roll to be hereinafter described. Obviously the shell constituting said cylinder may be given additional firmness or rigidity by suitable exterior framing or trussing. Said cylinder bears upon its inner surface a large number of closely-set metallic teeth or needles 5, secured directly to the cylinder or by means of any suitable lining 5 analogous to card-clothing. The free ends of said teeth may be sharp or they may be cut square off, and they are preferably set near enough to each other to cause each grain of garlic received into the cylinder to rest upon two or more such teeth. I estimate that to effect this successfully from three hundred to nine hundred teeth per square inch of surface will be required. Said teeth are preferably made of slender steel-wire having a good spring temper, and their exposed length is preferably one-half to three-fourths of the diameter of a grain of wheat. A segment-plate 6 surrounds the shaft 1 adjacent to the standard B and is provided with a slot 6 concentric to the shaft 1. Between said plate and the spider 2 a hub 7 surrounds said shaft and is immovably secured thereto by a set-bolt 8. An arm 9 rises from said hub 7 along the adjacent face of said segment-plate 6, and a thumb-screw supported by said arm extends through said slot 6 and serves as a means for binding said arm to said plate 6. When said thumb-screw has been released, the inclination of said arm may be varied to the extent of the are occupied by said slot, the thumbscrew 10 sliding in said slot. The upper end of the hub 7 forms a stop against which the spider 2 bears, such engagement limiting the downward movement of the cylinder upon the inclined shaft 1. Within the tubular cylinder 4 four approximately equidistant hubs 11 surround the shaft 1 and are immovably secured thereto by means of set-bolts 12. Upon each of said hubs and integral therewith is a saddle 1.3. Said saddles form a support for the garlic-trough 14, which extends lengthwise through the interior of the cylinder. It will be observed that inasmuch as the shaft and said hubs 11 and saddles 13 are rigidly joined to each other said garlic-trough is fixed or stationary so long as the shaft 1 is stationary; but the position of said trough may be varied by adjusting the arm 9 with reference to the segment-plate 6; but such change in the position of said trough is without object. The shaft 1 is rotated by means of the arm 9 for another purpose, which will be hereinafter explained. l/Vithin the trough 14 are two or more transverse bridges 15, secured to the trough in any suitable manner, as by means of screws 16, extending through the trough into said bridges. Said bridges have bearings 18, in which rests a longitudinal lyreciprocatory shaft 17. Upon said shaft and adjacent to the lower bridge and at the side of the latter toward the upper end of the machine a collar 19 immovably surrounds said shaft. At the same side of said bridge and above said collar a stirrup 20 loosely surrounds said shaft and has its arms extending loosely through said bridge and provided with thumb-screws 21. An expanding coiled spring 22 surrounds said shaft between said collar and said stirrup. Upon said shaft 17 are a series of rigid scrapers 23, extending nearly to the face of the trough. Toward the upper end of the machine each of said scrapers has two oblique converging faces 24, similar to the faces of a double mold board-plow. Toward. the lower end of the machine each of said scrapers has a substantially transverse upright face 25. A camring 26, having a sinuous face directed toward the upper end of the machine, is applied to the inner face of the spider 2, concentric with the shaft 1 and of proper diameter to bring one point of its periphery opposite the adjacent end of the scraper-shaft 17. Upon said shaft is mounted an antifrictionroller 27, which bears against said cam. The relation of the parts is such that the spring 22 is compressed when one of the extended portlons of the cam presses sa d roller and the shaft 17 toward the head of the machine.

safest comb 28 is applied to one of the longitudinal edges of the garlic-trough 14. I prefer to make said comb with short spring-wire teeth, though any durable material may be used. The teeth of said comb are to reach into the path of the free ends of the teeth 5, which, as already described, project inwardly from the inner face of the tubular cylinder. The precise position for the teeth of said comb may be varied as practice may indicate to be desirable. The function of said comb is to disengage garlic-bulbs which have been impaled upon the teeth 5 and carried by the rotation of the tubular cylinder upward and over the garlic-trough to said comb. When thus disengaged, said bulbs fall into said trough. The means whereby the garlic is impaled upon the teeth 5 will be next described. From each hub 11 a tubular arm 29 extends downward and forward, assuming that the righthand portion of the machine as illustrated in Fig. is the front. In each of said arms is a reciprocatory shaft 30, having at its upper end a stem of smaller diameter than said shaft, and an expanding coiled spring 31 surrounds said stem and extends upward into the upper portion of said tubular arm 29. Adjacent to the hubs 11 said arms 29 are slotted longitudinally in a plane parallel to the shaft 1, and a cam-bar 34 extends through the slots of all of said arms. IVithin each of said arms said cam-bar bears a wedge-formed cam 33, having an oblique face directed downward and toward the lower end of the machine and resting upon the spring 31. At its lower end said cam-bar projects through the lowermost arm 29 and is there provided with a thumb-screw 35, by means of which said cambar may be drawn toward the lower end of the machine, which movement serves to draw each of said cams farther into the adjacent tubular arm and make said cam bear downward with greater force upon the spring 31. Such increased pressure upon said spring causes the latter to bear with greater force against the upper end or the shaft 30. In the lower end of each shaft 30 is ahorizontal bearing 36, parallel to the central shaft 1 and axally in line with the corresponding bearing 36 in the others of said shafts. A presser-roll 37, having journals 38, is supported by said arms 30, said journals resting in said bearings 36, whereby said presser-roll is made freely rotatable. The length of the tubular arms 29 and the shafts 30 is such as to bring the presser-roll into engagement with the teeth 5 of the tubular cylinder. Said engagement is yielding, because the shafts 30 may slide upward in the tubular arms 29 against the yield ing resistance of the springs 31 and because said presser-roll is preferably made of elastic material. The pressure of said roll may be varied by moving the cam-bar 34 longitudinally by means of the thumb-screw 35. The function of said presser-roll is to bear upon the grain and garlic drawn beneath said roll by the rotation of the tubular cylinder and cause the relatively soft garlicbulbs to become impaled upon the ends of the teeth 5, while the relatively hard kernels of grain are not so impaled, as will be hereinafter more fully described. Said presser-roll and the arms supporting it may be adjusted angularly with reference to .the cylinder-axis by adjusting the arm 9 with reference to the segment-plate 6, whereby the central shaft 1 is partially rotated. The lower end of the garlic-trough terminates within the tubular cylinder near the adjacent spider 2, and the garlic-bulbs brought to and discharged from the lower end of said trough by the scrapers 23, as will be hereinafter more fully described, fall through the adjacent spider 2 into any suitable receptacle or into the garlic-spout G. If so desired, an apron 39 may be placed beneath the lower end of said trough and extended obliquely downward to the lowermost portion of the opening through said spider in order that in the event any of the garlicbulbs tend to fall within the tubular cylinder they will be deflected outward by said apron throughthespider-opening. The lower end of the shell of the tubular cylinder is provided with any desired number of apertures 40, registering with the grain-spout D, placed beneath said cylinder adjacent to the garlicspout C. To the upper end of the tubular cylinder is applied a hopper consisting oi the conical portion 41, secured to the end of the cylinder and concentric with the cylinder-axis, and therefore rotatable with said cylinder, and a fixed portion 42, secured to the standard A or the shaft 1 in any suitable manner and extending a short distance into the adjacent end of said tubular portion, to the end that grain and garlic delivered into said fixed portion will readily slide into said conical rotary portion.

Any suitable means may be employed for delivering the grain and garlic into the fixed portion of the hopper. For this purpose Fig. 5 of the drawings shows an oblique stationary spout 43.

The tubular cylinder rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2. To effect such rotation, any suitable driving mechanism may be employed. ings show for such purpose a driving-belt E surrounding said cylind er.

The operation of the form of the machine illustrated by said Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 is as l follows: The grain and garlic are delivered by gravity through the spout 43 and hopper 42 41 upon the teeth 5, with which the interior of the tubular cylinder is provided. Said grain and garlic will arrive directly beneath the shaft 1 and be thence carried by said cylinder upward beneath the upper end. of the resser-roll. In passing beneath saidpresserj roll the latter presses the kernels of grain and The drawthe garlic-bulbs against the teeth 5 with suflicient pressure to cause said teeth to penetrate said garlicbulbs, but with insufficient pressure to cause said teeth to also penetrate the relatively hard kernels of grain. Thus if the operation is at once successful the garlic-bulbs are impaled and carried upward above the garlic-trough into contact with the comb 28 and by the latter stripped off from said teeth 5 and allowed to fall by gravity into the garlic-trough. The kernels of grain after passing beneath the presser-roll are carried upward, resting loosely upon the teeth 5 until the inclination of the surface is such as to cause said kernels to roll backward toward or against said presser-roll until ultimately the accumulation of such kernels above the presser-roll is suflicient to cause the uppermost of said kernels to roll backward over the mass of kernels and over the upper face of said presserroll and again rest upon the teeth 5 below the presser-roll. Then said kernels are again carried by the cylinder beneath the presser-roll. If any of the garlic-bulbs escape being impaled while first passing beneath the presser-roll, they also roll freely with the kernels of grain until they tumble backward over the upper face of the presser-roll, and they are then again carried upward beneath the presser-roll. If any of said bulbs escape being impaled while passing beneath the presser-roll the second time, they again roll loosely and tumble backward over the upper face of the presserroll and are again carried upward beneath the presser-roll. On account of the inclination of the tubular cylinder the rolling grain and garlic will roll diagonally toward the lower or discharge end of the cylinder. Thus with each return of the loose grain and garlic from above to below the presser-roll such grain and garlic will be brought nearer said lower or discharge end of the cylinder; but such diagonal movement is so limited (by limiting the inclination of the tubular cylinder) as to cause the grain and loose garlic to pass a large number of times beneath the presser-roll, and the consequent multiple action upon the garlic-bulbs makes it substantially impossible for any to escape being impaledbefore reaching the discharge end of the cylinder. The rotation of the cylinder imparts rotation to the cam-ring 26, which, as already described, is rigidly secured to the lower spider 2, and the rotation of said camring causes the longitudinal reciprocation of the scraper-shaft 17. When the scrapers borne by said shaft move toward the head of the machine, the oblique faces 24 of said scrapers press the garlic-bulbs laterally, and during the reverse movement of said scrapers the transverse face 25 drives all the bulbs in front of it in the direction of the discharge end of said trough. In order to facilitate the deposit of the garlic in the garlictrough, the latter should be as wide as the interior of the cylinder will permit, and each lateral edge of the trough should be brought as near to the teeth 5 as may be without hin dering the passage of the impaled garlicbulbs from said edges. The form of ma; chine illustrated by said Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 requires the rotation of the tubular cylinder in one directionnamely, so as to constantly move the lowermost portion of said cylinder beneath the presser-roll (which, as already stated, is supported by the inclined arms 29 at one side of the lowermost portion of the cylinder or at one side of the vertical plane in which the central shaft 1 lies.)

Figs. 6, 7, and 8 illustrate a form of the machine in which the presser-roll is directly beneath the central shaft 1, so that the grain and garlic can be drawn beneath said roll by rotating said cylinder in either direction, and in said form a screw conveyer for moving the garlic lengthwise through the garlic-trough is substituted for the scrapers shown in the preceding form. A conveyer-shaft 44 rests in the bearings 18 in the bridges 15, and up on said shaft is the screw-blade 45, extending to the bottom of the garlic-trough. On the lower end of said shaft adjacent to the spider 2 is a spur-gear 46, which meshes with the internal gear-teeth on the annular inclined flange 47, which is suitably joined to said spider 2, concentric with the axis of the latter. The rotation of the cylinder will rotate said spur-gear 46 and the conveyer. If the tubular cylinder is to be rotated first in one direction and then in the other, provision must be made for preventing the reverse rotation of the screw conveyer. This may be done by any suitable means, as by a ratchet engagement between the gear-wheel 46 and the conveyer-shaft 44, as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10. In said figures the gear-wheel 46 loosely surrounds the conveyer-shaft 44 and is held against movement toward the upper end of the machine by a shoulder 48 on the shaft 44 and is held against movement in the opposite direction by a ratchet-wheel 49, which surrounds and is keyed to the shaft 44 near the gear-wheel 46 in properrelation to engage the ratchet-wheel 49 when said gearwheel is rotated in the direction the screw conveyer is to be rotated for moving the garlic to the discharge end of the garlictrough. From each bridge 15 rises a substantially upright comb-standard 51, each bearing one end of the comb 52, extending from one end of the garlic-trough to the other. This places said comb equidistant from the two lateral edges of the garlictrough, so that said comb may release garlicbulbs and discharge them into the trough whether the tubular cylinder is being rotated in one direction or the other. This form of the machine is thus adapted for operation by alternately rotating the tubular cylinder in one direction and then in the other approximately a full rotation or more. All the gram and loose garlic at one side of the presser-roll may be drawn beneath the roll by rotation of the cylinder in the proper direction. Then all the grain and loose garlic which are above the roll when rotation in that direction ceases are again drawn beneath the roll by thereversal of the direction of rotation. The rotation in one direction should be continued far enough to bring the impaled garlic-bulbs to the comb. By this modification of the operation the grain and loose garlic also take a zigzag course from the upper or receiving end to the lower or discharge end of the tubular cylinder, and the consequent multiplied passage beneath the presser-roll insures the impaling of all the garlic-bulbs upon the teeth 5 before the stream issues from the discharge end of the cylinder.

The reversal of rotation of the tubular cylinder may be effected by various means. Fig. 11 shows an arrangement of belt-gearing for effecting this object. As already described in connection with Figs. 2 and 5, the belt E extends around said cylinder. In Fig. 11 said belt also surrounds a band wheel 53, which is of larger diameter than the diameter of said cylinder. From the side of said band-wheel a wrist 54 supports a pitman 55, secured to a crank-wheel 56, which rotates continuously in one direction. The relative dimensions of the crank-wheel and the distance between said wrist and the axis of the wheel 53 are such as to cause said pitman to impart to said band-wheel 53 part al rotations in alternating reverse directions.

In lieu of the inclined tubular cylinder illustrated by Figs. 1, 5, and 7 a truncated tubular cone having a horizontal axis may be used as the concave member, the smaller end of said member being used as the receiving end and the larger end as the discharge end. In such structure the tubular wall may have enough inclination from the smaller end toward the larger end to cause the grain and loose garlic to move slantwise toward the dischc rge end when said wall rotates or when the grain and garlic roll back ward after having been carried to a sufliciently steep portion of said wall to induce such rolling. Obviously this conoidal shell may be supported on a shaft which is inclined similar to the inclination of the cen tral shaft in Figs. 5 and 7. In Fig. 12, 57 is such a tubular truncated cone supported by a central horizontal shaft 58 by means of spiders 59 and 60. The presser-roll 61, which corresponds to the presser-roll 37 in Figs. 2 and 3, is shown of conical form and mounted on a horizontal axis.

The construction may also be varied by rendering the concave in lieu of the convex member yielding. This can be accomplished, for example, by making the surface of the resser-roll non-elastic and placing a layer 62 of elastic material between the lining 5 and the wall of the concave member, as shown in Fig. 13.

When the concave member is given a reciprocatory rotation, two combs 63, Flg. 14, may be placed over the garlic-trough in lieu of the single comb 52, (shown in Fig. 6,) said combs 63 being placed as near the lateral edges of said trough as may be without causing the released garlic-bulbs to fall outside of the trough. By the use of said two combs the rotation of the tubular cylinder may be reduced to the extent of the cylinder-segment embraced by said two combs.

In addition to the reciprocatory rotary motion imparted to the concave member, as described in connection with Figs. 9, 10, and 11, an oscillating motion may be given to the presser-roll, causing it to traverse the lower portion of the interior of the concave member first in one direction and then in the other. Such a modification is shown in Figs. 15 and 16. In said modification the pitman 55 oscillates the band-wheel 53, the same as is done .in the construction shown by Fig. 11, and the band or belt E surrounds said bandwheel and the cylinder 4, the extent of such oscillation of the band-wheel being indicated by the dotted arc. The central shaft 1 is mounted for rotation in the standards A and B, (only B is shown in Fig. 16,) and the cylinder-spiders loosely surround said shaft, and the hubs 7 are rigid 0 said shaft and support the resser-roll and t e garlic-trough, as in the forms previously described.

It will be observed that the oscillation of the resser-roll may be attained by imparting a reciprocatory rotation to the shaft 1. Obviously such rotation may be accomplished in various ways. In Figs. 15 and 16 a crank-and-pitman connection is made between the band-wheel 53 and said central shaft 1. A crank 64 is keyed to the shaft 65, upon which the band-wheel 53 is mounted, said crank being placed at one side of the ver tical plane in which said shaft lies. On the o posite side of the vertical plane in which tl ie central shaft 1 lies a crank 66 is rigidly secured to said central shaft 1. A link or pitman 67 joins the free ends of the cranks 64 and 66. It will be observed that the placing of the cranks 64 and 66 on opposite sides of said planes results in opposing movements of the band-wheel and the central shaft 1, and since the band-wheel and the cylinder 4 rotate in the same direction the shaft 1 and the resser-roll supported thereby must oscillate in one direction, while the lower portion of said cylinder is moving in the opposite direction. Thus with each oscillation of the two members the presser-roll traverses all the grain and loose garlic lying in the concave ICC member. The relative dimensions of the band-wheel, the cylinder 4, and the cranks 64 and 66 are such as to produce the desired ratio between the range of oscillation of the cylinder 4 and the range of oscillation of the presser-roll. It will be observed that the cylinder must rotate far enough to bring into engagement with the comb 52 all portions of the cylinder interior which are traversed by the presser-roll; but it will be seen that said comb oscillates in unison with the presserroll. Hence the arc through which the cylinder rotates may be reduced to the extent of the arc through which the presser-roll and said comb oscillate. For example, if the oscillation imparted to the crank 66, and consequently to the presser-roll and to the comb, be sixty degrees then the are through which the cylinder rotates need be only three hundred degrees, and if two combs should be used, as shown in Fig. 14, and these be separated radially sixty degrees then the cylinder 4 need rotate through an arc of only two hundred and forty degrees to enable the presentation of all portions of the interior of the cylinder to the combs. It is to be observed, however, that there is no objection to a greater rotation of said cylinder than is necessary to present the impaled garlic to the comb or combs. In Fig. 16 the structure is further modified by the omission of the screw conveyer shown in Figs. 6 and 7 and the longitudinal reciprocatory scrapers shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The rocking action imparted to the garlic-trough, as described in connection with Figs. 15 and 16, and the longitudinal inclination of said trough will cause the garlic-bulbs to gradually travel lengthwise through said trough from the higher to the lower end thereof.

In Figs. 17, 18, 19, and 20 I show the elastic surface of the presser-roll made in sectional form in order that various portions 0; said surface may yield toward the axis without corresponding yielding of adjacent portions. In each of said figures the axis of the roller is supposed to be horizontal, and Figs. 17, 18, and 19 show fragments of the surface of the roller. In Fig. 17 the surface is shown slitted perpendicularly to the roll axis, so as to form annular sections 68. In Fig. 18 the roll is shown slitted, as in Fig. 17, and also radially and parallel to the axis of the roll, whereby the surface of the cylinder is divided into numerous rectangular sections 69, each having two faces which are perpendicular to the roll axis and two faces which are parallel and radial to said axis. In Fig. 19 the roll is shown slitted diagonally in opposing directions, so as to form diagonal rectangular sections 7 0. Fig. 20 is a fragmentary radial longitudinal section of the presser-roll, showing the action of the sections above described. Kernelsof wheat 71 71 71 being teeth 5 of the cylinder 4, the roll-sections 68 above said kernels yielding, while bulbs of garlic 72 72 are relatively soft and then resistance to the teeth 5 is less than the resistance of the roll-sections 68, and said bulbs are therefore impaled upon said teeth. If, however, the surface of the presser-roll were continuous, the kernels of wheat 71 would tend to lift the surface of the roll away from the intervening garlic-bulbs to such an extent as to prevent the impaling of said bulbs upon the teeth 5.

By making the teeth 5 convergent a tweeZer-like action s produced when the g lic-bulbs are pressed upon said teeth, and said teeth are also adapted to mutually sustain or brace each other. Both of these actions are absent when the teeth are divergenton a convex surface.

Obviously the combs for removing the impaled garlic may be varied in construction as well as location.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a convex member and a concave member inclined from one end to the other and open for discharge at its lower end, said members being in yielding engagement with each other and said concave member having upon its working face means for impaling garlicbulbs, and mechanism for releasing the impaled garlic-bulbs, substantially as described.

2. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a tubular member having its lower side inclined from one end to the other and a convex member located in the lower portion of and in yielding engagement with the tubular member, the working face of said tubular member being provided with means for impaling garlic-bulbs, and mechanism for releasin the impaled garhc-bulbs, substantially as described.

3. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a convex member and a concave member, both said members having walls inclined longitudinally from one end to the other and the concave member extending beneath and in yielding engagement with the convex member, and the workingface of said concave member being provided with n'eans for impaling garlic-bulbs, and mechanism for releasing the impaled garlic-bulbs, substantially as described.

4. In a garlic-separator, the combination of two members bearing yieldingly against each other and having their meeting faces traveling in unison in the same direction, and one of said members having, upon its surface opposing the other member, converging teeth for impaling garlic-bulbs, and mechanism for releasing the impaled garlicbulbs, substantially as described.

5. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a convex member and a concave member relatively hard are pressed upward by the 1 inclined from one end to the other and open for discharge at its lower end and extending beneath and in yielding engagement with the convex member, and the working face of one of said members being provided with .means for impaling garlic-bulbs, and mechanism for releasing the impaled garlic-bulbs and discharging said bulbs from the machine separately from the grain, substantially as described.

6. In a garlicseparator, the combination of a convex member and a concave member inclined from one end to the other and open for discharge at its lower end, said members being in yielding engagement with each other and said concave member having upon its working face means for impaling garlicbulbs, and mechanism for releasing the impaled garlic-bulbs and discharging said bulbs from the machine separately from the grain, substantially as described.

7. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a tubular member having its lower side inclined from one end to the other and a convex member located in the lower portion of said tubular member and in yielding engagement therewith, and one of said members having upon its surface opposing the other member means for impaling garlic-bulbs, and mechanism for releasing the impaled garlicbulbs and discharging said bulbs from the machine separately from the grain, substantially described.

8. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a tubular member having its lower side inclined from one end to the other and a convex member located in the lower portion of and in yielding engagement with the tubular member, the working face of said tubular member being provided with means for impaling garlic-bulbs, and mechanism for re leasing the impaled garlic-bulbs and discharging said bulbs from the machine separately from the grain, substantially as described. 9. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a convex member and a concave member, both said members having walls inclined 1ongitudinally from one end to the other and the concave member extending beneath and in yielding engagement with the convex member, and the working face of said concave member being provided with means for impaling garlic-bulbs, and mechanism for releasing the impaled garlic-bulbs and discharging said bulbs from the machine separately from the grain, substantially as described.

10. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a concave member and a convex member, one of said members being mounted in yielding bearings, and said convex member having an elastic surface, and said concave member having on its working face means for impaling garlic-bulbs, and means for removing the impaled garlic-bulbs, substantially as described.

11. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a concave member having on its working face means for impaling garlic-bulbs and a convex member mounted in yielding bearings and having an elastic surface bearing upon the working face of said concave member,-and means for removing the impaled garlie-bulbs, substantially as described.

12. In a garlicseparator, the combination of a tubular member having upon its interior face means for impaling garlic-bulbs, and a convex member having an elastic surface and ieldin bearin s said convex member bear ing upon the inner face of said tubular member, substantially as described.

13. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a concave member and a convex member, one of said members being mounted in adjustable, yielding bearings, and said convex member having an elastic surface, and said concave member having on its working face means for impaling garlicbulbs, substantially as described.

14. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a tubular member having upon its interior face means for impaling garlic-bulbs, and a convex member mounted in adjustable, yielding bearings and having an elastic surface bearing upon the inner face of said tubular member, substantially as described.

15. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a concave member having on its working face means for impaling garlic-bulbs and a convex member mounted in yielding bearings and having an elastic surface bearing upon the working face of said concave member, mechanism for moving the concave member, and mechanism for releasing the impaled garlic-bulbs, substantially as described.

16. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a tubular member having upon its interior face means for impaling garlic-bulbs, and a convex member having an elastic surface and ieldin bearin s said convex member bearing upon the inner face of said tubular member, mechanism for moving the concave member, and mechanism for releasing the impaled garlic-bulbs, substantially as described.

17. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a concave member and a convex member, one of said members being mounted in adj ustable, yielding bearings, and said convex members having an elastic surface, and said concave member having on its working face means for impaling garlicbulbs, mechanism for moving the concave member, and mechanism for releasing the impaled garlic-bulbs, substantially as described.

18. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a tubular member having upon its interior face means for impaling garlicbulbs, and a convex member mounted in adjustable, yielding bearings and having an elastic surtoo face bearing upon the inner face of said tubular member, mechanism for moving the concave member, and mechanism for releasing the impaled garlic-bulbs, substantially as described.

19. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a tubular member and a convex member located in the lower portion of and in yielding engagement with the tubular member, the working face of one of said members being provided with means for impaling garlicbulbs, and means for imparting motion to said concave member, and a trough and mechanism for disengaging the impaled garlic-bulbs and delivering them into said trough substantially as described.

20. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a convex member and-a concave member, both said members having longitudinally-inclined walls and the concave member extending beneath and in yielding, rolling engagement with the convex member, and the working face of said concave member being pro vided with means for impaling garlic-bulbs, mechanism for moving the concave member, and a trough and mechanism for disengaging the impaled garlic-bulbs and delivering them into said trough, substantially as described.

21. In a garlic-separator, the combination of an axially-inclined, tubular member, and a convex member located in the lower portion of and in yielding, rolling engagement with the tubular member, and the working face of one of said members being provided with means for impaling garlic-bulbs, mechanism for moving the concave member, and a trough and mechanism for disengaging the impaled garlic-bulbs and delivering them into said trough, substantially as described.

22. In a garlic-separator, the combination of an axially-inclined tubular member, and an axially-inclined convex member located in the lower portion of and in yielding, rolling engagement with the tubular member, and the working face of one of said members being provided with means for impaling garlicbulbs, mechanism for moving the concave members, and a trough and mechanism for disengaging the impaled garlic-bulbs and delivering them into said trough, substantially as described.

23. In a garlic-separator, the combination of an axially-inclined, tubular member and a convex member located in the lower portion of and in yielding, rolling engagement with the tubular member, and the working face of said tubular member being provided with means for impaling garlic-bulbs, mechanism for moving the concave member, and a trough and mechanism for disengaging the impaled garlicbulbs and delivering them into said trough, substantially as described.

24. In a garlic-separator, the combination of an axially-inclined, tubular member, and a convex member located in the lower portion of and in yielding, rolling engagement with the tubular member, and the working face of one of said members being provided with means for impaling garlic-bulbs, and a trough and mechanism for disengaging the impaled garlic-bulbs and delivering them into said trough and mechanism for discharging said garlic from said trough, substantially as de scribed.

25. In a garlic-separator, the combination of an axially-inclined tubular member, and an axially-inclined convex member located in the lower portion of and in yielding, rolling engagement with the tubular member, and the working face .of one of said members being provided with means for impaling garl1c bulbs, and a trough and mechanism for .dis engaging the impaled garlic-bulbs and delivering them into said trough and mechanism for discharging said garlic from said trough, substantially as described.

26. In a garlic-separator, the combination of an axially-inclined, tubular member and a convex member located in the lower portion of and in yielding, rolling engagement with the tubular member, and the working face of said tubular member being provided with means for imp aling garlic-bulbs, and .a trough and mechanism for disengaging the impaled garlic-bulbs and delivering them into said trough and mechanism for discharging said garlic from said trough, substantially as described.

27. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a tubular member and a convex member located in the lower portion of said tubular member, said members being adapted to yieldingly roll upon each other, and said tubular member having upon its working face teeth for impaling garlic-bulbs, and a trough and mechanism for disengaging the impaled garlic-bulbs and delivering them into said trough and mechanism for discharging said garlic from said trough substantially as described.

28. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a member inclined from .one end to the other and open for discharge at the lower end and having a concave surface provided with means for impaling garlic-bulbs, a trough and a comb adjacent to and approximately parallel with said surface, mechanism for imparting relative motion to said member having said surface, on the one hand, and said trough and comb, on the other hand, substantially as described.

29. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a tubular member inclined from one end to the other and having its interior surface provided with means for impaling garlic-bulbs, a trough and a comb adjacent to and approximately parallel with said surface, mechanism for imparting relative motion to said member having said surface, on the one hand, and

said trough and comb, on the other hand, substantially as described.

30. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a central shaft, a tubular member surrounding said shaft, a spider at each end of said member and surrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said tubular member, means for introducing grain and garlicbulbs at one end of said tubular member, means for conducting grain from the opposite end of said member, means for rotating said member, and a resser-roll located within said tubular member and supported by said central shaft, substantially as described. 31-. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a central shaft, a tubular member surrounding said shaft, a spider at each end of said member and surrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said tubular member, means for introducing grain and garlicbulbs at one end of said tubular member, means for conducting grain from the opposite end of said member, means for rotating said member, a presser-roll located within said tubular member and supported by said central shaft, and mechanism for disengaging garlic-bulbs from said teeth, substantially as described. w

32. In a 'arlic-separator, the combination of a centra shaft, a tubular member surrounding said shaft, a spider at each end of said member and surrounding said. shaft, teeth upon the interior of said tubular member, means for introducing grain and garlicbulbs at one end of said tubular member, means for conducting grain from the opposite end of said member, means for rotating said member, a presser-roll located within said tubular member and supported by said central shaft, a receptacle located Within said tubular member for receiving garlic-bulbs, and mechanism for releasing garlic-bulbs from said teeth and delivering said bulbs into said receptacle, substantially as described.

33. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a central shaft, a tubular member surrounding said shaft, a spider at each end of said member and surrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said tubular member, means for introducing grain and garlicbulbs at one end of said tubular member, means for conducting grain from the opposite end of said member, means for rotating said member, a presser-roll located within said tubular member and supported by said central shaft, a receptacle located within said tubular member for receivin garlic-bulbs, mechanism for releasing gar ic-bulbs from said teeth and delivering said bulbs into said receptacle, and mechanism for discharging garlic-bulbs from said receptacle, substantially as described.

; 34. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a fixed central shaft, a tubular member rotatably surrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said member, arms fixed rigidly upon and extending downward from said shaft within said tubular member, and an elastic resser-roll supported by said arms and bearing upon said teeth, substantially as described.

35. In a garlic-separator, the combination a of a fixed central shaft, a tubular member rotatably surrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said member, arms fixed rigidly upon and extending downward from said shaft within said tubular member, and anelastic presser-roll mounted yieldingly on said arms and bearing upon said teeth, substantially as described. a

36. In a garlic-Se arator, the combination of a fixed central s aft, means for turning said shaft, a tubular member rotatably surrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said member, arms fixed rigidly upon and extending downward from said shaft within said tubular member, and an elastic. presserroll moimted yieldingly on said arms and bearing upon said teeth, substantially as described.

37. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a fixed central shaft, a tubular member rotatably surrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said member, arms fixed rigidly upon and extending downward from said shaft within said tubular member, an elastic presser-roll mounted yieldingly on said arms and bearing upon said teeth, and a trough and a comb supported by said central shaft, substantially as described.

'38. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a fixed central shaft, means for turning said shaft, a tubular member rotatably surrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said member, arms fixed rigidly upon and extending downward from said shaft within said tubular member, an elastic presser-roll mounted yieldingly on said arms and bearing u on said teeth, and a trough and a comb also supported by said central shaft, substantially as described.

39. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a fixed central shaft, a tubular member rotatably surrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said member, arms fixed rigidly upon and extending downward from said shaft within said tubular member, an elastic presser-roll mounted yieldingly on said arms and bearing upon said teeth, a trough and a comb also supported by said shaft, and mech anism for removing garlic-bulbs from said trough, substantially as described.

40. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a fixed central shaft, means for turning said shaft, a tubular member rotatablysurrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said member, arms fixed rigidly upon and extending downward from said shaft Within said tubular member, an elastic presser-roll mounted yieldingly on said arms and bearing upon said teeth, a trough and a comb alsosupported by said central shaft, and mechanism for removing garlicbulbs from said trough, substantially as described.

41. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a central shaft, bearings for said shaft, a lever extending radially from said shaft adjacent to one of said bearings, a fixed plate adjacent to said lever, means for securing said lever to said plate in different radial positions, a tubular member surrounding said shaft, spiders applied to the ends of said tubular member and loosely surrounding said shaft, arms rigidly secured to said shaitvvithin said tubular member, and a presser -roll supported by said arms, substantially as described.

42. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a central shaft, bearings for said shaft, a lever extending radially from said shaft adjacent to one of said bearings, a fixed plate adjacent to said lever, means for securing said lever to said plate in difierent radial positions, a tubular member surrounding said shaft, spi-- ders applied to the ends ofv said tubular member and loosely surrounding said shaft, arms rigidly secured to said shaft Within said'tubular member, a presser-roll supported by said arms, and a trough and a comb located Within said tubular member and supported by said shaft, substantially as described 43. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a central shaft, bearings for said shaft, a lever extending radially from said shaft adjacent to one of said bearings, a fixed plate adj acent to said lever, means for securing said lever to said plate in different radial positions,

" a tubular member surroundin 'said shaft, spiders applied to the ends of said tubular member and loosel surrounding said shaft, arms rigidly secure to said shaft Within said tubular member, a presser roll supported by said arms, a trough and a comb located ithin said tubular member and supported by said shaft, and mechanism for removing garlicbulbs from said trough, substantially as de scribed.

44.- In a garlic-separator, thecombination of a central shaft, a tubular member surrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said tubular member, means for pressin garlic-bulbs upon said teeth, a trough located Within said tubular member, means for releasing garlic-bulbs from said teeth and delivering said bulbs into said trough, and longitudinally-reciprocatory mechanism for removing garlic-bulbs from said trough, substantially' as described.

45. In a arlic-separator, the combination of a centrzfi shaft, a tubular member surrounding said shaft, teeth upon the interior of said tubular member, means for pressing garlic-bulbs upon said teeth, a trough located Within said tubular member, means for re leasing garlic-bulbs from said teeth and delivering said bulbs into said trough, and a longitudinal scraper-shaft adjacent to said trough,

scrapers supported by said scraper-shaft, and

a rotary cam in engagement With said scraper shaft, substantially as described.

46. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a central shaft, a tubular member surrounding said shart, teeth upon the interior of said tubular member, means for pressing garlic-bulbs upon said teeth, a trough locatedshaft, transverse bridges in said trough,a

scraper-shaft parallel to said trough and restingin bearings in said bridges, scrapers on said scraper-shaft, arotary cam in engagement With one end of said scraper=shaft, and spring mechanism pressing said scraper-shaft against said cam, substantially as described.

48. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a central shaft, a trough supported by said shaft, transverse bridges in said trough, a scraper-shaft parallel to said trough and resting in bearings in-said bridges,-scrapers on said scraper-shaft, a rotary cam in engagement with one end of said scraper-shaft, a spring for pressingsaid scraper-shaft against said cairn-and mechanism for varying the pressure of-s'aid spring, substantially as described.

49. In a garlic separator, thecombination of'a central shaft, a trough supported by said shaft, transverse bridges insaid trough, a scraper-shaft parallel to said trough andres t ing in bearings in said bridges, scrapersron said. scraper-shaft, a rotary cam in engage ment with. one end of said scraper-shaft, spring mechanism pressing said scraper-shaft against said cam, and a spider surrounding said central shaft and supporting said cam, substantially as described. 7

50. In a garlic-separator, the combination of a central shaft, a trough supported by said shaft, transverse bridges I in said trough, a scraper-shaft parallel to said troughand resting in bearing? in said bridges,scrapers on said scraper-s aft, a rotary cam in en agement With one end of said scraper aft, spring mechanism pressing said scraper shaft againstsaid earn, a rotary tubular member surrounding said central shaft and said trough and scraper-shaft, teeth upon. the interior of said tubular member, means for pressing garlie-bulbs upon said teeth, and means for reroo IIO

leasing garlic-bulbs from said teeth and delivfor varying the pressure of said springs, and a ering said bulbs into said trough, substanlongitudinally-shiftable bar supporting said tially as described. cams, substantially as described.

51. In a garlic-separator, the combination In testimony whereof I have signed my 5 of the central shaft, tubular arms secured rigname, in presence of two witnesses, this 20th I 5 idly to said shaft, expanding-springs located day of January, 1904.

within said tubular arms, shafts extending WILLIAM L. SPOON. into said tubular arms against said springs Witnesses: and having bearings in their lower ends, a CYRUS KEHR,

1o presser-roll journaled in said bearings, cams THOs. E. ROBERTSON. 

